And we finish by adding the -ose ending to specify that it’s a carbohydrate we’re dealing with. We then say how many carbons are there in the molecule. As you can guess, aldo- goes together with an aldehyde, and keto- with the ketone-containing carbohydrates.Īs you can see from these examples, we start the name by saying that the molecule is an aldehyde using the aldo- prefix. We specify this in the name by adding aldo– or keto– prefix to the carbohydrate name. However, sugars will only have one aldehyde OR one ketone functional group.
Carbohydrates generally have multiple alcohol functional groups, so we never focus on those. Sugars, or carbohydrates, have two major functional groups: an aldehyde or a ketone (both are collectively called carbonyls), and an alcohol functional group. Naming the Major Functional Group in a Carbohydrate So, when I say that we’re dealing with a hexose, that doesn’t mean much except for the fact that the molecule contains 6 carbons. This list includes glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, etc. For instance, there are 24 different hexoses (12 of which exist in nature). This type of a name, however, doesn’t tell us the exact nature of the molecule. For instance, the glucose is an example of a hexose because it has six carbons in the molecule. For instance, a triose is a carbohydrate with 3 carbons, while hexose is a carbohydrate with 6 carbons in the molecule.
We use the greek numerals to call the number, aka tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and add the ending -ose to denote that it’s a carbohydrate.
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